Ultrastructural changes in the endothelial cells of the endoneurial blood vessels of the sciatic nerve of albino rats after crush injury

This study included 14 male albino rats. The sciatic nerves of 12 rats were subjected to crush injury, while 2 rats were used as controls. The sciatic nerves were exposed and the parts distal to the crush injury were taken. The specimens were prepared for study by electron microscope. The results of the present work showed that after crush injury, there was an increase in the permeability of the endothelial cells of blood vessels. Also, the intercellular junctions of the endoneurial blood vessels were distended with the absorbed fat globules. The current study showed that transendothelial transmission was increased leading to the appearance of large electron lucent fat globules. After six weeks of crush injury, there was a marked decrease in the permeability of the endoneurial blood vessels. It could be concluded that after the first week of peripheral nerve injury, the absorption through the endothelial cells was increased. Then, the absorption showed a marked decrease till the sixth week

Anatomical study of the brachioradialis muscle flap

This study was carried out on twenty-two upper extremities from the Anatomy Department. Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, after injection of the brachial artery with red latex to study the vascular anatomy of the brachioradialis muscle. It was found that the major vascular pedicle to the brachioradialis muscle was a branch from the radial recurrent artery in 13 upper extremities [59%], from radial artery and un 5 extremities [22.7%] and from the brachial artery in 4 extremities [18.2%]. In 59% of upper extremities where the radial recurrent artery was the major vascular pedicle, it arose 3.56 +/- 0.76 cm distal to the lateral epicondyle. In 22.7% of upper extremities, the major vascular pedicle was a branch from the radial artery, it arose 2.4 +/- 1.43 cm distal to the lateral epicondyle. In the remaining 18.2%, the major vascular pedicle was a branch from the brachial artery, it arose 2.08 +/- 0.44 cm proximal to the lateral epicondyle. In each upper extremity, several pedicles [4 - 7] were seen arising from the radial artery. They were distributed throughout the muscle's length

Anatomical study of the muscular branch of the median nerve to the thenar muscles of the hand

This study was carried out on twenty - three upper extremities from the Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University. Dissection of the hands was carried out to expose the muscular branch of the median nerve to the thenar muscles. It was found that the distribution pattern of the muscular branch of the median nerve could be summarized into 3 types: type I, in 12 hands [52.2%], where the muscular branch gave rise to subbranches to the abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis. Within type I, subtypes were observed according to the site, direction and number of individual branches. Type II, was found in 7 hands [30.4%], were the muscular branch was divided from its origin into one for the abductor pollicis brevis and one for both opponens pollicis and the flexor pollicis brevis. Type III, was found in 4 hands [17.4%], where a short muscular branch was seen providing separate independent branches at its beginning to the three thenar muscles. The branches were not anastomosing with each other

Anatomical basis for a fasciocutaneous flap from hypothenar eminence of the hand

This study was carried out on eighteen cadaver hands from the Anatomy Department, Alexandria University, after the injection of the brachial artery with red latex to explore the vascular and neural anatomy of the hypothenar eminence. It was found that the proximal part of the ulnar aspect of the hypothenar eminence supplied by branches from the proximal deep branch of the ulnar artery. Also, it was found that the part of the ulnar aspect of the hypothenar eminence, located over the abductor and flexor digiti minimi muscles, had a constant vascular and neural supply from the ulnar palmar digital artery of the little finger and the dorsal or palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve. This fasciocutaneous area provides a new and feasible donor site for free or pedicled island skin flap to repair palmar skin defects of the fingers

Anatomical study of the osteomusculocutaneous flaps based on the lateral circumflex femoral artery

This study was carried out on sixteen lower limbs [12 preserved and 4 fresh] from the Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University. The preserved lower limbs were injected with red latex in the femoral artery to study the branches and the distribution of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. The fresh lower limbs were injected with methylene blue in the lateral circumflex femoral artery to measure the skin surface area supplied by perforators of this artery. The results of this study showed that the ascending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery supplied the tensor fasciae late muscle and the muscle receives an additional arterial supply from the superior gluteal artery. This muscle receives and additional branch from the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. The musuclocutaneous perforators of the ascending and the descending branches were found to supply the skin of the anterolateral aspect of the thigh. The terminal branch of the ascending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery were found or supply the ilium bone and gives branches to the outer cortex of the iliac crest. Including the ascending and descending branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery as the pedicle vessels, cobined anterolateral flap and vascularized iliac bone graft may be easily obtained as an osteocutaneous flap with of without tensor fasciae latae muscle. So, the iliac osteomusulocutaneous flaps based on the lateral circumflex femoral artery seems to overcome the disadvantages of other osteocutaneous flaps and is suitable for reconstruction of a large mandibular defect involving large soft tissue defects